The Cantonal Court in Livno was established by the Law on Courts of the Herzegbosnian County ("Official Gazette of the Herzegbosnian County", no. 1/97) for the territory of the Herzegbosnian County under the name of the County Court in Livno. The Municipal Courts in Livno, Tomislavgrad and Drvar were under the jurisdiction of the then County Court in Livno. The decision on the number of judges and lay judges was made by the Ministry of Justice and Administration of the Herzegbosnian County, which determined that the County Court has a court president, five judges and twenty lay judges. The Assembly of the Herzegbosnian County, at its session held on 29^th May 1997, adopted a decision on the appointment of four judges of the County Court, and the first president of the court was soon elected. After the expiration of his four-year term, the judges of the County Court re-elected him as the president of the court in July 2001. The fifth judge of the County Court in Livno was appointed by the Assembly of the Herzegbosnian County at its session held on 14^th September 2001.

The High Representative's Decision no. 73/02 ("Official Gazette of the Herzegbosnian County", no. 10/02) amended the Law on Courts of the Herzegbosnian County, and the previous name of the County Court in Livno was changed to the Cantonal Court of Canton 10 Livno. By the aforementioned Decision of the High Representative, the Municipal Courts in Drvar, Livno and Tomislavgrad were merged into the Municipal Court in Livno with a department outside the seat of the court in Drvar. The High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, at its session held on 4^th June 2003, adopted a decision on the appointment of the president and judges of the Cantonal Court of Canton 10 Livno, appointing the president and three judges of this court. The judges assumed their official duties on 14^th July 2003. At its session held on 10^th March 2004, the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted a decision on the appointment of a reserve judge to the Cantonal Court of Canton 10, appointing the fifth judge for the period from 1^st April 2004 to 1^st April 2005.

With the entry into force of the Law on Courts in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Official Gazette of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina", no. 35/05), the name of the court was changed to the Cantonal Court in Livno. The aforementioned law established the Tomislavgrad court department of the Municipal Court in Livno, which began operating on 27^th January 2007.

The Cantonal Court in Livno operated with a composition of four judges from 2005 to 2010. At its session held on 17^th December 2009, the High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted a decision on the appointment of the fifth judge to the Cantonal Court in Livno, who assumed his duties on 1^st February 2010. Since then, the court has operated with a composition of five judges continuously.